民主改革以来藏北牧区医疗卫生事业的发展——以阿里地区改则县为例

The Development of Public Health and Medical Care in Northern Tibetan Pastoral Areas after the Democratic Reform

藏北高原位于青藏高原腹地,平均海拔5000米以上。草地是藏北高原最重要的生态系统类型,当地群众主要从事畜牧业生产活动。由于特殊的自然地理条件和历史原因,民主改革以前藏北牧区几乎没有任何现代医疗卫生服务设施和机构。通过对阿里地区改则县的实地调查,可以看到民主改革后特别是进入新世纪以来,藏北牧区经过艰苦的发展历程,取得了令人瞩目的成就,从传统分散的游牧部落社会,走上了团结、合作、富裕的现代高原牧区发展道路。作为民生建设重点的医疗卫生事业,取得了跨越式发展,逐步建立起以县为龙头、乡为枢纽、村为基础的三级卫生服务网络体系,农村医疗卫生条件和服务能力不断得到改善,农牧民健康水平逐步提高。目前,藏北牧区医疗卫生发展依然面临很大的问题和困难,只有从当地的自然条件、人口分布和历史文化等特点出发,才能够更加客观地衡量和认识其发展成就,并针对制约藏北牧区发展的主要因素提出科学合理可行的措施和建议。

There were few modern medical and health service facilities and institutions in Northern Tibetanpastoral areas before democratic reform.Remarkable achievements in medical care and public health has beenmade after the democratic reform especially during the 40 years of Chinese economic reform.A county-leading,township-as-the-hub,three-level health service network system has formed.Medical and health conditions andservice capacity in rural areas have been continuously improved.However,the natural environment is still a decisive factor affecting the local production lifestyle.