新公共服务绩效管理工具与公共水资源治理:来自对城市环境行动研究的主要经验教训

New public service performance management tools and public water governance:the main lessons drawn from action research conducted in an urban environment

在法国,中央政府正借助绩效指标对其公用事业的治理原则寄予新的希望,而本文认为仅仅凭借绩效测量和管理工具治理,无论其如何成熟,都不足以应对公共水资源治理当前面临的挑战。然而,针对绩效测量工具目标的争论,引出了有关公共水资源治理的实质性问题。这些问题既触及治理模式(战略和组织上的)的构成问题,也涉及其控制系统的问题。与南特大都会(南特城市社区)水务部门联合进行的行动研究试验证明了这一点,试验中引入了新的绩效测量工具,引导该系统中的行动者聚焦公用水治理模式必须承载的价值问题。这些价值与水资源的这种'公共性'以及多维构成相关,作为治理模式的基础已经表现于构建中的地方治理系统之中。

At a time when,in France,the central government is placing new hope in the principle of governance of its utilities by means of performance indicators,this article argues that governance through performance measurement and management tools alone,however sophisticated,is not enough to meet the current challenges facing public water governance.However;the debate triggered on the objectives of the performance measure-ment tools raises substantive issues relating to public water governance.These substantive issues touch as much on the(strategic and organizational)components of the model of governance as on its control system.This is demonstrated by the action research experiment conducted in conjunction with the water utility of Nantes Metropole(Urban Community of Nantes),where the introduction of a new perform?ance measurement tool leads the actors within the system to focus on the question of the values that the public water governanee model must carry These values,which relate to the very'public'and multidimensional comp on ent of water;appear in the local governance system under construction as a cornerstone of the model of governance.