瑞士联邦行政管理精英的渐进式转变

The slow transformation of Swiss federal administrative elites

本文致力于研究瑞士联邦行政管理精英的个人背景情况。在瑞士,新公共管理的发展有着肥沃的土壤,本文揭示的是,在新公共管理浪潮中这些行政管理精英的背景是如何演进的。这些精英与特定的制度秩序相契合,与特定的组织结构和运作方式有关,并且在其职业发展路径和学术背景方面具有特定的特点。然而,自20世纪80年代实施的行政管理改革已使制度秩序有所转变,身处其中的联邦行政长官们也在不断发展演变。本文通过行政管理内部和外部的学术资本、社会资本以及职业发展路径等指标,分析这些转变对联邦行政管理精英的影响程度。结果表明,这些管理精英的个人背景呈现出缓慢但却显著的变化,他们更加趋于管理主义化,这反映了他们的演进所处的背景环境。

This article sets out to study the profile of Swiss administrative elites at federal level by showing how their profile has evolved in the light of what has come to be known as the wave of New Public Management(NPM),which has benefited from a very fertile ground in Switzerland.These elites correspond to a specific institutional order,in relation to specific organizational structures and workings,and have specific characteristics in terms of career paths and academic background.However,the administrative reforms that have been rolled out since the 1980 s have transformed the institutional order within which executives of the federal administration evolve.This article analyses the extent to which these transformations have had an impact on the characteristics of these elites,through indicators such as academic capital,social capital,and career path within and outside the administration.The results show a slow but significant transformation in the profiles of these elites towards an increasing managerialization,reflecting that of the context in which they evolve.