日本3·11大地震后的广域协作:对负责的灾害管理的启示

Wide-area collaboration in the aftermath of the March Ⅱ disasters in Japan:Implications for responsible disaster management

2011年3月11日,一场里氏9级海洋地震及一波猛烈海啸先后袭击了日本东北地区(Tohoku),福岛(Fukushima)核危机接踵而来。尽管存在这些困难,东北地区仍在继续前行,而且,这种非同寻常的经历应当引导我们寻求负责任的灾害管理。灾后重建中一个显著的进展是援助东北地区各市的广域协作的兴起——涉及中央及地方政府。本研究描述了两个领域的协作:人力支持及垃圾处理。经验证据表明广域协作的成功取决于横向协作(各地方政府之间)与纵向协作(中央与地方政府之间),并可以将广域协作用于未来恢复重建进程效果的预测模型中。

On 11 March 2011,an offshore earthquake of magnitude 9.0 and a massive tsunami hit the Tohoku region of Japan,followed by the Fukushima nuclear crisis.Despite these adversities,Tohoku is moving forward,and this extraordinary experience should guide us in the quest for responsible disaster management.A striking development after the disasters was the rise of wide-area collaboration,involving national and local governments,to help Tohoku municipalities.This study documents such collaboration in two areas-manpower support and debris processing.The empirical evidence suggests that the success of wide-area collaboration hinges on the success of both horizontal(interlocal)and vertical(inter-governmental)collaboration and that wide-area collaboration be added to future models predicting the effectiveness of recovery and reconstruction processes.