激活公共服务的集体合作生产:英国影响公民参与复杂治理的机制

Activating collective co-production of public services:influencing citizens to participate in complex governance mechanisms in the UK

既有研究认为,公民参与公共服务合作生产的可能时机是,所涉及的行动比较容易,而且能以个体而非群体的形式实施。本文探讨这一论点是否符合英格兰和威尔士的地方实际,研究哪些人最有可能参与个体和集体合作生产,通过参与更多的集体活动,人们如何受到影响而扩展其合作生产的范围。我们利用地方政府组织的公民调查,采集了五个地方的数据。研究结果表明,个体和集体合作生产具有十分不同的特征和相关者,根据政策目的对二者进行区分十分重要。特别地,当公民明显意识到人们可以做出改变(政治上的自我效能)时,集体合作生产可能与任一既定议题高度相关。'干预策略'对于鼓励合作生产只具有弱效应。

Previous research has suggested that citizen co-production of public services is more likely when the actions involved are easy and can be carried out individually rather than in groups.This article explores whether this holds in local areas of England and Wales.It asks which people are most likely to engage in individual and collective co-production and how people can be influenced to extend their co-production efforts by participating in more collective activities.Data were collected in five areas,using citizen panels organized by local authorities.The findings demonstrate that individual and collective co-production have rather different characteristics and correlates and highlight the importance of distinguishing between them for policy purposes.In particular,collective co-production is likely to be high in relation to any given issue when citizens have a strong sense that people can make a difference(’political self-efficacy’).’Nudges’to encourage increased co-production had only a weak effect.