多层级体系中的制度影响评估:从比较视角思考权力下放的效果

Institutional impact assessment in multi-level systems:conceptualizing decentralization effects from a comparative perspective

多层级体系中制度改革的比较研究目前在全球的发展趋势是研究国家职能的下放。然而,有关这种分权所产生的影响,尤其是它对于中央以下的相关各级政府所产生的影响,我们却所知甚少。权力下放是如何影响地区和地方政府的?这些改革对于中央以下各层级还有意想不到的后果吗?如何才能解释这种现象?本文旨在提出一个概念框架,以便从一种比较与政策导向的视角,来评估权力下放对中央以下层级的影响。该框架意在概述权力下放的主要模式与模型、有关权力收/放影响的理论假设,以及全国各地评价和比较制度改革的相关做法。该框架还可以作为本期特刊中所有国别研究文章的分析准则和结构性基础。

Comparative literature on institutional reforms in multi-level systems proceeds from a global trend towards the decentralization of state functions.However,there is only scarce knowledge about the impact that decentralization has had,in particular,upon the sub-central governments involved.How does it affect regional and local governments?Do these reforms also have unintended outcomes on the sub-central level and how can this be explained?This article aims to develop a conceptual framework to assess the impacts of decentralization on the sub-central level from a comparative and policyoriented perspective.This framework is intended to outline the major patterns and models of decentralization and the theoretical assumptions regarding de-/re-centralization impacts,as well as pertinent cross-country approaches meant to evaluate and compare institutional reforms.It will also serve as an analytical guideline and a structural basis for all the country-related articles in this Special Issue.