英格兰的规划:新公共管理、网络治理还是后民主化?

Planning in England:New Public Management,Network Governance or Post-Democracy?

本文用三种理论框架——新公共管理、网络治理和后民主化——研究了英格兰土地使用规划领域里的制度变革。本文用这三种框架来评估过去20年里土地使用规划政策集权或分权的程度。在这一问题上,上一届工党政府(1997—2010)和保守党领导的联合政府(2010-2015)意见相悖。前者引入了规划政策并辅以地区行政机制,后者运用了地方主义的规划体系和次地区的地方企业伙伴关系。本研究认为,工党和保守党领导的联合政府都使用了加强集权的政策,但具体表现形式有所不同,尽管两党都拒绝给予任何次国家机构以政治或其他资源,防止其挑战位于威斯敏斯特的中央政府的权威。

Three frameworks-New Public Management,Network Governance and PostDemocracy-are applied to identify and explain the direction of institutional travel in the field of land-use planning in England.These frameworks are used to assess the extent to which land-use planning has been centralized or decentralized over the last20 years.The last Labour government(1997-2010)is contrasted with the Conservative-led Coalition government(2010-2015).Labour introduced planning policies and an underpinning regional administrative machinery that the latter has replaced with a’localist’planning system and sub-regional Local Enterprise Partnerships.The article concludes that both Labour and the Conservative-led Coalition embarked on policies that involved increased centralization,but that the centralization took different forms,though both parties denied sub-state institutions the political or other resources to challenge the central government in Westminster.