执行陷阱:地方层级与多样化政策

The implementation trap:the local level and diversity policies

地方层级在制定其本地的移民政策时更加自信和独立,有时还在移民融合方面形成了独特的哲学理念,这已经形成了广泛的共识。然而,直至今日我们对城市一以贯之地执行这些哲学理念的真实能力知道得很少。本文通过欧洲各自治市对移民融合的治理进行了特定层级的研究。本文聚焦采用多样化政策的城市,并且对政策形成和执行中的多样化含义进行比较。在确认了安特卫普、阿姆斯特丹、利兹等城市存在着多样性政策的执行偏差之后,本文认为,对于移民治理问题,各个城市在制定其各自的理念和概念时或许变得更为独立和自信,但这并不意味它们也一以贯之地执行这些理念。对于执行偏差以及各城市在连贯地执行这种政策时所表现出的不同能力,本文找到了两种解释因素。

There is widespread agreement that the local level has become more self-confident and self-reliant in formulating its own immigrant policies and sometimes developing distinct philosophies of immigrant incorporation.However,to date we know litle about the actual capacities of cities to implement these philosophies consistently.This article offers a level-specific study of the governance of immigrant incorporation by European municipalities.lt focuses on cities with diversity policies and it compares the meaning of diversity in formulated policies with policy implementation.ldentifying an implementation gap of diversity policies in Antwerp,Amsterdam and Leeds,it argues that cities may have become more self-reliant and self-confident in coming up with their own ideas and concepts for governing immigration,but this may not mean that they also consistently implement these ideas.This article identifies two explanations for an implementation gap and different capacities across cities to consistently implement such policies.