历史视角下的“地方转向”:来自英国和德国的两个城市案例研究

The'local turn'in historical perspective:two city case studies in Britain and Germany

本文从历史视角探讨英国泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔市和德国不莱梅市在移民与融合政策上的“地方转向”。本文广泛使用政府文献资料并对这两个城市自20世纪60年代以来的政策进行比较评估。本文讨论的是政策制定的纵向维度,尽管探索的是国家层面移民融合的地方治理。虽然人们通常认为英国和德国的战后移民历史和政治结构有着显著差异,但是本文却揭示出这两个城市的政府在管理各自的当地多元社会时趋于一致。这些案例研究质疑国家宏观宪法结构对于城市移民政策的长期影响。本文的研究结果要在地方治理与多层治理的讨论框架下理解。

This article addresses the local turn'of migration and integration policies in historical perspective in Newcastle upon Tyne and Bremen.It draws upon a wide range of govern-ment documentation and offers a comparative assessment of both cities'policies from the 1960s onwards.It discusses the vertical dimension of policymaking though an exploration of the local governance of migrant integration in relation to the national level.Although Britain and Germany's post-war immigration histories and political structures have often been perceived as contrasting this article reveals a convergence in these cities'governments'approaches to their own local diverse societies.These case studies question the long-term impact of overarching national constitutional structures on city-level migration policies.Findings are framed within the local goverance and multi-level governance MLG debates.