意大利司法标准化改革:机构赋权和中心重构(2001-2015)

Reforming the judiciary through standards: agency empowerment and centre(re)building in Italy,2001-2015

20多年来,意大利司法部门一直备受关注。对它的批评主要是缺乏组织能力,这从审判时限上可见一斑。2000年以后,欧洲机构针对法院和检察机构的行政和组织能力启动了一项新的、全面的政策。其核心政策工具一般以标准和软法为代表。本文通过定性方法对四个案例进行深入分析,对受新公共管理影响的司法政策以及意大利司法部门实施该类政策的方式进行了批判性评估。对实践工作者的启示本文指出了结构和制度条件的重要性,这些条件被证明是确保能够通过标准进行有效和高效管理的关键因素。换言之,本文所提出的论点关乎一个监管机构的职能问题,该机构可能具有部级单位的形式和结构,监督由公共机构或由公共机构网络提供服务的统一性和平等性,是实施具有法律约束力及无法律约束力的规范的结果。对于(不限于)司法部门的公职人员而言,这是一个关键问题。

The lalian judiciary has been under the spotlight for more than two decades.The key criticism adressed tn it has heen the lack of Qroanizational canacitv.which is rflected in the trial time frame.After 2000,European institutions launched a new and compre-hensive policy stream,targeting the administrative and organizational capacities of courts and public prosecutor ofices.The pivotal policy instrument is represented by standards and soft law in general.By rferrin to four case studies,analysed in depth on the basis ofa qltaive pproach,this work engages in a crtical aprapias of the New Public Mnagement-nspired ldical plies and the way in which they have been imple mented in the judicial sector in ltaly.Points for practitioners This aricde makesa point about the strucural and inturional condidions that turnout as pivotal fctor to ensure an efcive and efcient govemance by standards.In other terms,the argument deployed herein concems the funcin of a reylatve agngy,which might have the shape and the format of a miterial unit where the unfomiy and he eualtiy of the srices dlivered by a publi isturton or a network of pubi niduttno are the oucme of the implenation of lglly binding and nolegly binding nrms.This is akey point.then,ior public ofcers seringnot only in the udcial sector.