肺栓塞的心电图改变

Electrocardiographic Changes of Pulmonary Embolism

肺栓塞是一种急性和潜在致命的疾病,通常由起源于下肢或盆腔的深静脉的血栓栓子堵塞一支或多支肺动脉引起血流受限和右心室压力升高。肺栓塞的不典型临床症状如咳嗽、呼吸困难、咯血、胸痛等使得临床上确诊肺栓塞比较困难。血清D-Dimer水平、CT肺血管造影、通气灌注显像或者超声心动图可以确诊肺栓塞和评估严重度。虽然心电图在急性肺栓塞的诊断上显得有些次要,但对临床疑似肺栓塞时心电图仍是一种简单和经济的诊断工具。

Pulmonary embolism(PE) is an acute and potentially fatal disease,thrombosis usually originating from one of the deep veins of the legs or pelvis,blocking one or more pulmonary arteries,causing impaired blood flow and increasing pressure to the right cardiac ventricle.The diagnosis of PE can be difficult because of the nonspecific symptoms,which include cough,dyspnea,hemoptysis and pleuritic chest pain.PE is diagnosed and assessed by several imaging tools,including Serum D-Dimer level,pulmonary perfusion-ventilation scan,chest computed tomography pulmonary angiography and echocardiogram.Although the role of electrocardiography(ECG) in the diagnosis of acute PE has been rendered less important,ECG is considered as a simple and economical tool for suspecting acute PE.