中国妇女教育思想:从传统向近代之嬗变

Chinese Women Education Thought:the Evolution from the Traditional to the Modern

传统中国社会是一个维护封建家长制的政治、经济、文化和男权利益需要的社会,"贤妻良母"是对妇女教育的最终培养目标,"贞节"是衡量妇女价值的标准,"三纲五常""三从四德"是历代妇女必须恪守的不变的行为规范,男性本位的性别价值观渗透于社会生活的各个层面和各个角落,束缚和规范着女性的行为和观念。从晚清至民国初年的近代中国,西力东侵使中国社会发生了翻天覆地的变化。"戒缠足""兴女学"等具有女权主义性质的社会运动使中国妇女教育思想和观念发生了巨大的转变。梳理我国妇女教育思想的发展脉络,对于树立马克思主义妇女观,消除一切形式的性别歧视,具有重要意义。

Traditional Chinese society is a society which maintains the need of the politics,economy,culture and male interest of feudal patriarchal system.To be a good wife and good mother is the ultimate goal of women's education;chastity is the standard for measuring the value of women;'the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues' and'the three obedience and the four virtues' are the same norms of behavior that women must abide by in the past dynasties;the gender values of male standard penetrate into every aspect of social life and every corner of the society,which binding and regulating women's behavior and ideas.Modern China from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China,the invasion of western countries make China's social thinking has changed a lot.The social movements with feminist nature like 'Anti-foot-binding','Initiating women's school education' and so on,have made great changes in the educational thoughts and ideas of Chinese women.This article,by combing the development of women's educational thought in our country,has certain significance for eliminating all forms of gender discrimination,establishing the concept of equality between men and women in the progress of civilization and creating a good environment for women's education.