国家监察权结构配置现状及其优化问题探析

China’s National Supervisory Power Structure Allocation and its Optimization

我国监察体制改革确立了国家监察委员会的监察权由监督、调查、处置三项权力构成。聚焦于构成国家监察权的监督权、调查权、处置权,以《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》和《中华人民共和国监察法》为主要法律依据,梳理国家监察权结构配置内容与各项权力之间的关系,发现三项权力之间存在内容上的相互配合关系以及过程上的相互衔接关系,这样的权力配置有助于促进国家监督力量整合与重构,强化廉政建设与腐败治理能力,推进依法治国与实现国家治理能力现代化。同时,国家监察权仍存在监督权的配置不合理、调查权行使当中对监察对象的权利保护不足、处置权对行政机关的处置和追责缺失等问题。因此,未来需要通过强化预防性监督权的权力配置、健全调查权的相关权利保护机制、完善对行政机关的处置和追责机制等来优化国家监察权的结构配置,更好地推进反腐败治理。

The reform of China’s supervisory system has establi sh ed that the supervisory power of the National Supervisory Committee consists of three powers:supervisory power,investigative power and disposal power.Focusing on the supervisory power,investigative power and disposal power which constitute the national supervisory power,and taking the Amendment to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the National Supervision Law as the main legal basis,this paper combs the relationship between the allocation content of the structure of the national supervisory power and various powers,and finds that there is a content coordination relationship among the three powers as well as the past.Such power allocation helps to realize the functions of promoting the integration and reconstruction of the national supervisory power,strengthening the ability of building a clean government and corruption governance,promoting the rule of law and realizing the modernization of national governance.At the same time,there are still some problems in the state supervision power,such as unreasonable allocation of the supervision power,insufficient protection of the rights of the supervised objects in the exercise of the investigation power,and the lack of the disposition and accountability of the disposal power to the administrative organs.In the future,we need to optimize the structure of national supervision power by strengthening the power allocation of preventive supervision power,improving the relevant rights protection mechanism of investigative power,and improving the administrative organs’disposal and accountability mechanism,so as to better promote anti-corruption governance.