摘要
文章报道了小云雀inopinata亚种(Alauda gulgula inopinata)(以下称为小云雀亚种)在西藏拉萨地区的繁殖生态。小云雀亚种在拉萨地区一般4月下旬进入繁殖期,选择本地的冬小麦地等作为它们的繁殖生境。雌雄鸟均参加筑巢,筑巢期为3.8±1d(n=4),10个巢的大小为5.6±0.7cm×8.7±0.9cm(n=10),巢深4.1±0.3cm(n=10),巢的平均重量24.6±4.3g(n=5)。平均窝卵数为2.6±0.5枚(2～3枚,n=7),其中3枚者居多;产一窝卵需要2～3d,卵平均重量2.2±0.3g(1.8～2.8g,n=7),卵的大小为20.4±0.5mm(19～21)×14.2±3mm(14～15),(n=7)。平均孵卵期为15±0.6d(14～16,n=6),孵化率为67%,育雏期12±0.6d(11～13,n=6),雏鸟成活率仅50%。农业活动及天敌是影响孵化率及雏鸟成活率的主要因子。
This paper reports the breeding ecology of the Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula inopinata in the suburb of Lhasa.The breeding season starts at late April in the region and winter wheat filed is used for major breeding habitat.Both sexes built their nest and the average period of nest building was 3.8±1d(range3～5,n= 4),average of nest size was 5.625±0.66cm ×8.7±0.90cm(n =10),average inner height was 4.1±0.3cm(n=10).The average clutch size was 2.6±0.5eggs(range2～3,n=7),egg laying period was 2～3d,weighing an average of 2.2±0.3g(range1.8～2.8,n=7) and measuring on average 20.43±0.49 × 12.36±2.98 mm(n=7).The average incubation time was 15±0.6d(range14～16,n=6),giving a hatching success of 67%.Nestling period 12±0.6d(range11～13,n=6) and the survival rate of young was 50%.Agricultural activity and predators were major factors of affecting nestling success of the birds.
