从称谓的主要形式探其文化内涵

Address forms and their connotations

最能反映出社会因素对语言所产生的影响的,是不同的称谓形式.大多数的语言中都存在两种主要称谓形式:名字和第二人称代词,它们是完整语义系统中的一部分,由'权势'和'同等'语义支配,并且和人们的社会关系密切相关.称谓形式,尤其是名词称谓,是一个时代的产物也是一个时代的反映.另外,不同形式的称谓实际上也代表着不同社会群体的文化特征.

The most obvious point where social factors influence language is in the selection of address forms .In most languages,there are two main kinds of sddress forms names and second person pronouns.They are part of comlete semantic systems having to do with social relations,which are governed by two semantics:power and solidarity Address forms especially the noun address forms,are also the products and the reflections of an age.Moreover,differdnt selections of address forma actually represent the cultures of different social groups.