发展性阅读障碍的ERP研究

ERP Studies of Developmental Dsylexia

行为实验已经发现,语音能力的缺损是拼音文字发展性阅读障碍的核心。然而近年来行为研究和神经生理学的研究也发现,发展性阅读障碍与基本知觉障碍有关。事件相关电位(event-related potentials ,简称ERP)作为一种独特的电生理学研究手段,从一个更为直观的角度验证了行为实验的结果,推动了发展性阅读障碍的进展。语言认知水平ERP研究表明,发展性阅读障碍者在存在语音加工和信息整合的缺陷。感知觉加工层次的ERP研究结果则不尽一致,有的研究发现,阅读障碍存在着基本的听觉加工缺陷;有的研究则发现发展性阅读障碍存在言语声音加工的缺陷,而对非言语声音的加工与正常读者没有显著差别;有的研究支持大细胞通路受损假说,发现阅读障碍在低对比度和低空间频率上存在视觉加工的缺陷,有的研究结果则没有发现发展性阅读障碍者与正常读者在不同对比度和空间频率上的差异。

Behavioral studies found that deficits in phonological processing plays a major role in developmental dyslexia. Behavioral and neurophysiological studies in recent years also found that developmental dyslexia is related to deficits in basic auditory and visual processing as well. As a non-invasive technique with high time resolution, event-related potentials (ERP) measured on dyslexics confirmed the discoveries of behavioral studies about phonological processing and information integrating. However, results from auditory ERP studies were less consistent, and visual ERP studies on development dyslexia are still lacking, suggesting that more systematic studies are being wanted.