5～6岁儿童公平分配玩具行为的心理机制

Psychological Mechanism of Fair Distributive Behavior upon Toys for Children Aged 5-6

采用实验法和结构访谈法 ,考察 66名 5～ 6岁儿童在幼儿园游戏活动中公平分配玩具行为的心理机制。结果发现 :( 1 )根据在幼儿园分配玩具的过程中的表现 ,可以把儿童分为三类 :公平型儿童、不公平型和不稳定型 ,每类儿童的自我评价各不相同 ;( 2 )对自己做出的公平行为能做出准确的自我评价 ,而且对假想的不公平行为也能做出正确的自我评价 ,这是形成稳定的公平行为的重要心理机制 ,自我概念、自我形象在道德准则的内化过程中起着重要作用。

The research is in intent to explore the psychological mechanism of fair distribution behavior upon toys in the play of indergarten children aged 5-6, on the basis of structured interview and expirical method. The participants are 66 elder kindergarten children. The finding is stated below: (1) the mode of behavior of the toy distribution is divided into three types, fair (20%), unfair (20%), unstable (60%). This implies that age 5-6 is a critical period for nurturing the behavior of collaboration, sharing\|with\|others, altruism; (2) the participants are able to make self\|evaluation accurately not only to the fair behavior conducted, but also the supposed, i.e.,avoid conducting the bad behavior in order not to affect sound self\|image, and thereby the psychological mechanism of stable fair behavior is taking the shape; (3) the internalization of morality in self\|concept and self\|image is valued much. The morality practices in activities therein evaluating self and others' behavior is an effective education measure for the promotion of internalization.