样例的子目标编码对新问题解决中原理运用的作用研究

Effects of Subgoal Encoding of Examples on the Use of Principle in New Problem Solving

运用排列和组合原理 ,通过三个实验研究了样例解题步骤的编码方式对原理运用的作用。实验 1和实验 2分别探讨了样例解题步骤的不同编码方式对解决表面概貌变化和表面对应变化的新问题时原理运用的影响 ;实验 3探讨了不同编码条件下原理运用概化的形成。结果表明 :用子目标编码样例的解题步骤有利于消除新问题解决中由于表面概貌和表面对应变化带来的消极影响 ;用子目标编码样例的解题步骤促进了学习者对原理的理解和获得原理的概化图式。

Three experiments had been done to examine the effect of subgoal encoding of examples on the use of principle and generalization in new problem solving. The findings showed that it was the encoding subgoal of steps of worked example that overcame the surface content effects on the use of principle, which was caused by the modification of the superficial story lines and superficial roles correspondence between examples and problems. In encoding subgoal of steps of worked example, the participants could develop the generalization of the example during the learning, so the modification of the superficial story lines and superficial roles correspondence between examples and problems had little effect on the use of principle.