张学良与九一八事变再探讨

A New Study of Zhang Xue-liang and “9.18”Incident

基于中国国力不及日本、迷信和平和保存实力等因素考虑 ,九一八事变发生后 ,张学良在没有得到蒋介石和国民政府的明确指示下 ,自行实行不抵抗政策 ,致使沈阳失守 ,东北沦陷。由于在对日看法上 ,张学良与蒋介石观点基本一致 ;二人对九一八事变的处理又合作无间 ,所以 ,张学良和蒋介石对东北沦陷都应负责。论对狭义的九一八事变的处理 ,张学良应负直接责任 ;论对广义的九一八事变的处理 ,蒋介石则应负主要责任。但蒋、张之“不抵抗政策” ,非为不抗日 ,而是何时抗日、如何抗日的问题。

After the “9.18”incident, based on the factors that the national power of China was inferior to that of Japan, and that he had faith in peace and he wanted to keep his army, Zhang Xue liang carried out the non resistance order without the clear indication from Jiang Jie shi and his government, which resulted in Shenyang fall and the northeast inundation.Because Zhang Xue liang's opinion to Japan was almost the same as that of Jiang Jie shi, and also he tackled the “9.18”incident with Jiang Jie shi closely, so both Zhang Xue liang and Jiang Jie shi should be responsible for the northeast inundation.