从首善书院之禁毁看晚明政治与讲学的冲突

The Conflict Between Politics and Lecturing Movement Reflected in the Repression of Shoushan Academy

首善书院是晚明学者冯从吾、邹元标建立的讲学书院。长期以来 ,学界视其为东林书院之附庸 ,从而简单地将其禁毁原因归结为受东林书院的牵连 ,是党争的结果。但是 ,首善书院的禁讲和禁毁实际上是取决于当时流行的政治观念———“讲学即是结党”。在这种观念下 ,一切讲学都是与政治相冲突的。而在京察前刻 ,作为官僚身份的讲学者们在京城的讲学强化了这一政治观念。政治与讲学之冲突于是发生。首善书院之禁毁 ,正源于此 。

Shoushan Academy was a traditional academy in late Ming.Scholars such as Feng Congwu and Zou Yuanbiao often lectured in it.For a long time,it was simply regarded as a subordinate academy of Donglin.But a careful research discovered that before the repression of Donglin,Shoushan Academy was already repressed.So,the reason of Shoushan’s repression must be something else.The political culture,namely “lecture is a signal of faction”,must be chiefly responsible for Shoushan’s repression.And three other factors,the time,the location and the identity of the lecturers were partly responsible for its repression.