从唐初的史料记载看“附国”与“吐蕃”

Fuguo and Ancient Tibet: A Study on the Basis of Historical Accounts in the Early Tang Dynasty

自 194 6年岑仲勉先生提出“附国即吐蕃”的观点以来 ,学术界对“附国是否为吐蕃”的问题始终存在争议。本文放弃以往主要从附国的地理人文特征与吐蕃相比较的讨论范式 ,着重从“附国即吐蕃”观点缘起之依据及唐初关于附国和吐蕃的史料记载之背景来加以审视 ,即着重从观点、史料的发生学角度对此问题进行梳理和探讨。结论是 ,附国即吐蕃的观点在唐人和宋人那里找不到任何依据 ,相反 ,史料记载的背景可充分证明附国不是吐蕃。

Ever since Mr. Cen Zhongmian put forward in 1946 the viewpoint that Fuguo is identical with ancient Tibet, scholars have expressed different opinions about this problem. The paper discards the previous approach that compares Fuguo and ancient Tibet mainly in terms of geographic and cultural traits. Instead, the paper examines the historical literature on which Mr. Cen's viewpoint was based and some other historical accounts about Fuguo and ancient Tibet in the early Tang Dynasty. The paper concludes that Mr. Cen's viewpoint can not get any support from the historical accounts written by scholars in the dynasties of Tang and succeeding Song. On the contrary, historical accounts prove that Fuguo is not identical with ancient Tibet.