文成帝《南巡碑》所见北魏前期禁卫武官制度

The Military Officer System in the Court Garrison in the Early Period of the Northern Wei Dynasty: A Record in Emperor Wencheng's Nanxunbei (Inscription of South Inspection)

文成帝《南巡碑》可进一步充实对北魏前期以幢将郎卫制度为主体的禁卫武官制度的认识。《南巡碑》所见幢将有内都幢将、三郎幢将、雅乐真幢将、内小幢将等 ,内都幢将当为负责殿中宿卫的禁卫长官。《南巡碑》所见斛洛真即胡洛真 ,意即“带仗人”(宿卫者 ) ,斛洛真军将或即宿卫军将。雅乐真、胡洛真可能就是史书中常见之羽林、虎贲 (郎 )。《南巡碑》可见大量郎官———内行内三郎、内三郎、三郎 ,内三郎多兼将军号。北魏前期亦有左右卫、武卫、四军、骁游等将军 ,似亦为禁卫武官。左卫将军所兼之南部折纥真即南部下大夫 (尚书南部侍郎 )。文成帝时禁卫武官出身于五六十个家族 ,归附拓跋鲜卑的各部族几乎都有代表人物任职于北魏禁卫武官系统 ,主要以帝室十姓、勋臣八姓及素和氏、斛律氏等约十余个家族为主。高车 (敕勒 )族的乙旃 (叔孙 )、斛律氏与北魏禁卫军权的关系极为密切。

Nanxunbei (the Inscription of South Inspection) written by Emperor Wencheng can give us more details about the military officer system in the Court Garrison in the Northern Wei Dynasty. This paper, in line with the historical record, discusses the ethnic composition and clan origin of the officers in the Garrison. As the record shows, the government in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty was characterized with a rich ethnic composition and thus had a wide social foundation.