发展中国家对外直接投资新论

New Idea on Foreign Direct Investment of Developing Countries

对外直接投资作为企业参与国际经营活动的重要方式之一,对企业垄断优势的形成具有重要的影响,而西方传统的以及修正了的对外直接投资理论则忽略了这一点。与发达国家相比,发展中国家开展对外直接投资时,本身并不具有什么垄断优势。但是,对发展中国家而言,企业的优势只是对外直接投资的重要而非充分条件,即不具有比较优势或垄断优势的发展中国家仍可以进行对外直接投资。对外直接投资的过程是企业挖掘和培育优势的过程。对外直接投资和企业优势的培育是正向促进的关系。这就是"优势培育论"。以中国为例,积极发挥投资主体的能动性,培育其优势,需要建立互补式国际战略联盟、组建跨国企业集团以及努力培养一大批学有所长、勇于开拓和精通国际企业经营管理业务的人才。

The foreign direct investment, as one of the major modes for enterprises to participate in the international management, has much effect on the formation of enterprise monopoly . However, it was ignored by the traditional Western theory on the foreign direct investment. Compared with the developed countries, the developing countries have no dominant positions in the foreign investment, but the superiority of enterprises appears as an important condition for it . There exists a positive relation between investing directly and fostering the superiority of enterprises, which is called 'the superiority-fostered theory'. Take China for instance, it is necessary to establish the international strategic alliance in complementary style, to set up the transnational enterprises and to try to train a lot of persons of ability who have an intimate knowledge of international enterprise management .