云南元江河谷稻田蚊类幼虫群落学特征及水稻生长遮盖度对其影响作用

Mosquito Community Characteristics in Rice Fields and Effect of the Rice Coverage in Yuanjiang River Valley

目的 了解稻田蚊类群落学特征及水稻生长遮盖度对其影响作用 ,探讨大水体型蚊类群落学的调查和分析方法。方法 在水稻的不同生长期 ,采用容积为 10 0 0ml幼虫勺进行调查 ;数据输入计算机 ,进行统计学和群落学特征分析。结果 共发现按蚊亚科和库蚊亚科 2属 3亚属 9种 ;群落的Shannon -Wiener多样性指数和均匀性指数分别为1.0 72和 0 .488;中华按蚊、致乏库蚊和棕头库蚊的优势度分别为 67.69、3 2 .65和 17.65 ,优势度集中指数为 0 .44 7;3个优势种间均为正相关关系 ;水稻的遮盖度系数和平均幼虫密度成负相关 (r =-0 .76,95 %可信区间 :-0 .61～ -0 .97)。结论稻田蚊类群落蚊种较少 ,群落组成和结构简单 ,稳定性和种间结合良好 ;随着水稻的生长 ,遮盖度增加 ,幼虫密度下降。

Objective To learn the mosquito community characteristics in rice fields and the effect of rice coverage on it; to explore surveying and analyzing methods of mosquito communities in large water bodies. Methods At different rice development stage, 1 000 ml dips were used to collect mosquito larvae. The data were analyzed by computer for statistics and community characteristics. Results In this community, there were 9 species of 3 subgenera of 2 genera in subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae. Shannon-Wiener diversity and homogeneity indexes of the community were respectively 1.072 and 0.488, Dominances of Anopheles sinensis, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Culex fuscocephala were 67.69, 32.65 and 17.65; and dominance centralization index was 0.447. There was positive correlation among the 3 dominant species and negative correlation between rice growing coverage and mean larvae densities ( r= -0.76,95% confidence interval: -0.61～ -0.97). Conclusion There were a few of mosquito species with simple form and structure in the rice field, however the mosquito community was stable and suitable species combination. The larvae densities were declining with rice growing coverage.