自治与共治:民族政治理论新思考

Autonomy and Jointnomy: New Reflections on Political Theory of Nationality

现代民族政治意义上的自治产生于统治民族和被统治民族之间的暂时妥协 ,存在着排他性和从属性这一对难解的矛盾。中国等当代多民族国家的民族政治生活已经超越了传统的自治观念 ,实际已走上了民族共治的道路。民族共治有其必然性与合理性 ,它是“后自治”民族政治生活发展的客观要求 ,是与民族政治民主和共和“三位一体”的命题。当代民族政治理论应当以共治为核心思想进行构建 ,并赋予自治新的含义 :“民族政治性组织合法”加上“民族政治人格平等” ,应当成为自治的新概念 ,对此可以“当家作主”来界定 ;由这种新自治观出发 ,共治就是一个必然的结论 ,二者的关系也可以得到科学的解释。民族共治的理论意义在于它是批判各种片面的和非理性民族政治观念的武器 ,而实践价值则在于它是建设多民族统一国家、实现民族关系平等。

The autonomy, in the sense of modern politics of nationality, resulted from the temporary compromise between dominating and dominated nationalities. As a result, there existed in autonomy the hard being solved contradiction between the exclusivity and the subordinate. In contemporary China and other multi national or multi ethnic countries, the political life among nationalities has actually exceeded the traditional notion of autonomy and taken the road of jointnomy (co governance) among nationalities. With its necessity and rationality, jointnomy is the objective requirement of the development of political life in the stage of'post autonomy', and is a component part, together with democracy and republic, of the'trinity' of politics of nationality. In the contemporary times, the political theory of nationality should be structured with jointnomy as its central concept. And autonomy should assume some new meanings: the legitimacy of political organization of nationality and the equality of political selfhood of nationality should become the new concept of autonomy. So, autonomy can be defined as 'in power'. In this new sense of autonomy, jointnomy becomes a necessary conclusion, and the relationship between autonomy and jointnomy can get scientific explanation. The theoretical significance of jointnomy of nationalities is that it serves as the weapon against various one sided and irrational ideas in the politics of nationality, while its practical value is that it serves as the tool for building the unified multi national country and realizing the equality, freedom and harmony among nationalities.