富兰克林·罗斯福的裁军思想初探

On Franklin Roosevelt' Diplomatic Idea about World Disarmament

国际裁军是美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福的重要外交思想之一。但罗斯福早期是一个好战的军国主义者 ,2 0年代以后受威尔逊主义影响 ,才开始转变为全面裁军的积极倡导者。第二次世界大战时期 ,罗斯福放弃全面裁军思想 ,转而主张局部裁军 ,要求强制解除轴心国家的武装 ,反对中小国家拥有军备。罗斯福裁军的动机不仅与经济、贸易和安全等因素有关 ,同时也是他的集体安全思想的反映。罗斯福的裁军思想虽然具有一定进步意义 。

World disarmament is one of the important diplomatic ideas of the President Franklin Roosevelt.But in his early political career, Roosevelt was a militarist. After 1920s, Roosevelt called for overall disarmament under the inf lunence of Wilsonianism.During the World War Ⅱ,he had made one major modificati on in his thinking.He was now claiming primarily of disarming the Axis by force. He also reasoned that small nations should give up their armaments.But he argue d that Big Four should remain armaments to guarantee postwar peace. The motives of Roosevelt's thinking involved not only such factors as economy, trade, securi ty, but also gave express to his collective security idea. Although Rooseveltian thinking about disarmament was progressive to some extent, it embodied the idea lism and power politics in Amrican diplomacy.