黄侃先生古本音说中的声韵“相挟而变”理论——兼论古今音变的“条件”

An Examination of Huang Kan's View of Phonological "Interactive Variation" in His Theory of Chinese Classic Phonology ——A Co-discussion on the "Conditions" for Ancient and Contemporary Phonological Variation

黄侃古本音说认为,声母与韵母的洪细是相和谐的,上古音最初声母和韵母都是洪音,中古音的细音,是最初的上古音变化的结果。古今声音的变化,声母变则韵母也跟着变;韵母变就说明声母已经变,声母变的最主要标志就是声母后头i介音的产生。这是黄侃的声韵相挟而变理论。声韵相挟而变理论是在综合考察大量古代汉语语言文字现象,并继承清代古音研究精华而提出的。一些用现当代古音研究方法得出的结论,也支持声韵相挟而变理论。这个理论启发我们对古今音变发生"条件"的通行说法提出怀疑。古今音变"条件"可以有新的解释。

Huang Kan's theory of Chinese classic phonology believes that consonants and vowels are harmnious in voicedness and voicelessness, that in ancient times both consonants and vowels were voiced and that those voiceless sounds in middle ancient times resulted from variation of ancient sounds. As a rule in ancient and modern variation of sounds, immediately when a consonant varies, the vowels in relation to it varies. The variation of a vowel indicates that the consonant preceding it has varied, which is mainly marked by the appearance of the semivowel just behind it. Hence Huang's view of phonological 'interactive variation'. This theory has been developed by comprehensively investigating large quantities of language and philological phenomena of ancient Chinese and succeeding the highlights of ancient phonological studies in the Qing Dynasty, which is also supported by results by modern and contemporary approached to ancient phonological studies. Huang's theory raises doubts about the common views concerning the 'conditions' for sound variations in both ancient and modern times. It seems that the 'conditions' for sound variations in both ancient and modern times demand some new explanations.