“大豆优异基因资源发掘及其基因组研究”立项背景和意义

EXPLORATION OF EXCELLENT GENE RESOURCES IN SOYBEAN AND THEIR GENOMIC STUDIES

大豆是重要的粮食和油料作物,在我国国民经济发展中具有重要地位。在中国加入WTO的形势下,我国大豆面临着生产落后、供给严重不足、国内大豆产业受到进口转基因大豆的严重冲击的局面。我国是大豆的起源中心,收集保存的大豆资源蕴藏着丰富的有益基因。开展大豆优异基因资源发掘、大豆基因组序列测定与生物信息学分析、大豆优异基因的分子标记、定位与克隆等关键科学问题研究,将推动大豆的分子生物学研究并提高大豆的分子育种水平,为大豆遗传改良奠定坚实的理论基础。针对这些内容,2003年国家自然科学基金委员会设立了重大项目“大豆优异基因资源发掘及其基因组研究”。

Soybean is an important crop for food and oil. It is essential to economic development in China. However, Soybean production in China is confronted with the backward production, serious shortage of supply and impact from the large import of transgenic soybean. Soybean originated in China. There are more than 30,000 soybean accession collected and stored in our country. These germplasms bring with some valuable genes. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the studies on gene exploration, genome sequencing and analysis, gene tagging, mapping and cloning, construction of cDNA and genome library, and identification of gene function in soybean. In 2003, NSFC set up a major project titled 'Exploration of excellent gene resources in soybean and their genomic studies' . This program will promote soybean molecular biological study, improve its molecular breeding level, and establish a theoretical basis for soybean' genetic improvement.