朱鹮繁殖期的活动区和栖息地利用

Home range and habitat utilization of the crested ibis in the breeding period

20 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年 ,我们应用标记识别法和地理信息系统对朱繁殖期的活动性、活动区和栖息地利用进行了研究。结果表明 :朱在越冬期、繁殖期和繁殖后期的觅食距离存在差异 ,分别为 2 82 1± 1 4 88km、0 5 6 3± 0 6 81km和 1 70 6± 0 834km ,但同一时期中不同个体间的觅食距离无显著差异。不同年份中 ,朱在越冬期和繁殖期的觅食距离无显著差异 ;在繁殖后期 ,由于受到干旱等气候因素的影响 ,两年的觅食距离差异显著。一天中觅食距离最远的是 10 :0 0～ 12 :0 0 ,最近的是 0 6 :0 0～ 0 8:0 0。不同时间段中觅食行为的比例差异显著 ,0 6 :0 0～ 10 :0 0和 16 :0 0～ 18:0 0为取食高峰期 ,中午和夜宿前的休息和理羽行为则高于其他时间段。MCP法和 90 %Kernel法的计算结果表明 ,其中 8只观测次数较多的朱在繁殖期的平均活动区面积分别为10 0 8± 4 9 8hm2 和 175 6± 91 3hm2 ,5 0 %Kernel法计算的活动区的核心面积为 4 3 8± 2 1 5hm2 。朱个体间的繁殖活动区重叠强度较大 ,达到各自活动区的 2 4 5 %± 2 7 3%。朱营巢比较密集 ,配对亲鸟间的活动区重叠强度和其他个体的重叠强度无显著差别。栖息地利用研究表明 ,朱对针阔混交林的利用率显著低于研究区内的可利用率 ,对水田的利用?

The crested ibis ( Nipponia nippon ) is one of the most endangered species in the world. There is only one wild population, about 200 individuals, distributing in Yangxian County of Shaanxi Province, China. From May 2000 to February 2002, we investigated the activity, foraging behaviors, home range and habitat utilization of the crested ibis in the breeding period. We observed the wild ibises with ×20-60 telescope and identified the individuals by the colour/numbered bands on their legs. All nest sites, roost sites and forage sites were located using a Global Position System (GPS). Data on the locations, habitat topography, rivers and streams, roads, residential areas and stone mines were all imported into the ArcView GIS. MPC and fixed Kernel methods were used to calculate the home ranges. The average foraging distance of the crested ibis was different in wintering, breeding and late breeding periods, which was 2 821±1 488 km, 0 563±0 681 km and 1 706±0 834 km, respectively. In the same period of time, the foraging distance showed no significant difference among birds, and in the two research years, there was no difference between the same wintering and breeding periods. However, because of drought in 2001, the foraging distance in the late breeding period was significantly different from that in 2000. The ibises went to the furthest foraging sites at 10:00-12:00 and 16:00-18:00, and they foraged at the nearest site at 06:00-08:00. The crested ibis showed different foraging behaviors at different times of day. They foraged frequently from 06:00-10:00 and 16:00-18:00, and spent more time resting and preening at noon and dusk. On the study of home range, totally eight birds were investigated and located continuously. According to MCP and 90% Kernel methods, average home range sizes were 100 9±49 8 hm 2 and 175 6±91 3 hm 2, respectively. The core area of home range was 43 8±21 5 hm 2 by 50% Kernel. The home ranges between individuals were highly overlapped (24 5%±27 3 %). Crested ibis tend to breed in colonies and there were no remarkable difference between paired birds and other individuals in home range overlaps. The habitat utilization analysis indicated that, the utilization of conifer broadleaf forest was significantly lower than its availability, while the utilization of paddy fields was significantly higher.