抗全蚀病小麦-华山新麦草中间材料H8911的细胞遗传学研究与利用

Studies on cytogenetics and utilization of wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica medium material H8911 with resistance to wheat take-all fungus

抗小麦全蚀病中间材料H8911 BC1F1 是通过小麦与华山新麦草杂种幼胚培养及杂种F1 ABDN2n=28 再与小麦回交后得到的.根尖细胞染色体数目49条,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I,染色体构型为20.85 19～21 +7.30 7～11 I,21 +7I的细胞占86.67%.BC1F2和BC1F3体细胞染色体数目范围分别为45～53和44～52,49条染色体的植株类型分别占30.19%和27.50%,华山新麦草染色体丢失率分别为11.85%和13.14%;花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I,染色体构型分别为20.62 18～22 +7.64 5～13 I+0.04 0～1 和20.53 17～22 +7.79 5～15 I+0.05 0～1 ,21 +7I的细胞分别占77.24%和69.42%.随着自交世代的延续,21 +7I细胞的传递能力逐渐降低.利用H8911作供体,选育出小麦-华山新麦草抗全蚀病新种质13个,其中1个附加系表现近高度抗病性,6个附加系、3个代换系和3个易位系材料表现中度抗病性.

H8911(BC_1F_1)with resistance to wheat take-all fungus was obtained through the culture of immature hybrid embryos from wheat crossed with P.huashanica and hybrid F_1(ABDN 2n=28) crossed with wheat. The chromosome number of RTC was 49. The chromosome configuration was 20.85(19~21)Ⅱ+7.30(7~11)I at PMC MI, and cells of 21Ⅱ+7I were accounted for 86.67%. In BC_1F_2 and BC_1F_3, the somatic chromosome numbers were 45 to 53 and 44 to 52 respectively, the rates of 49 chromosome type were 30.19% and 27.50%, the percentages of alien chromosome transmitting were 11.85% and 13.14%. At PMC MI, the chromosome configurations were 20.62(18~22)Ⅱ+7.64(5~13)I+0.04(0~1)Ⅲ and (20.53)(17~22)Ⅱ+7.79(5~15)I+0.05(0~1)Ⅲ respectively, and cells of 21Ⅱ+7I were accounted for 77.24% and 69.42%. As H8911 selfing generation was continued, the transmitting ability of 21Ⅱ+7I cells reduced gradually. Thirteen wheat-P. huashanica germplasms with resistance to take-all fungus were selected by utilizing H8911 as donor, in which, one addition lines behaved close to high resistance and six addition lines,three substitution lines and three translocation lines showed middle resistance to wheat take-all fungus.