机车轮对过盈配合温差法装配的有限元模拟

FE Simulations of Interference Fit Joints of Wheel and Shaft in Locomotive

与经典的力学方法相比,用有限元方法可以有效地分析复杂形状轴毂过盈配合的各种问题,从而提高轴毂过盈配合设计的可靠性。对机车轮对过盈配合温差法装配过程的有限元模拟说明,虽然在过盈量较小时,弹性和弹塑性有限元模拟都能够比较真实的模拟车轮与车轴中的应力分布,确切地反映轮毂配合间的接触边缘应力集中等,但是,当过盈量较大而发生塑性变形时,弹塑性模拟分析,能够比较准确地计算出轮对的塑性变形,因而,比弹性有限元模拟更加真实,因此,弹塑性有限元分析对安全性要求很高的机车轮对过盈配合的设计就更有指导意义.

Compared with the classical mechanics method, the FE method can effectively simulate the interference fit joint of the wheel and shaft with complicated shape to increase design reliability. The results of the FE simulations show that in the cases of small interferences, reasonable results can be acquired through the simulations without and with plasticity, such as stress distribution and stress concentration etc. In the cases of large interferences, however, the simulation with plasticity is better than that without plasticity, as the simulation with plasticity can calculate plastic deformation. Therefore, the simulation with plasticity has more significant application in designing the interference fit joint of wheel and shaft in locomotive, which has a strict demand for safety.