国内外22个牌号卷烟烟气有害生物效应的比较研究

Comparative studies of adverse biological effects of smoking from 22 brands of domestic and foreign cigarettes

采用测试终点不同的5个短期生物学试验来检测国内外22个牌号卷烟烟气的有害生物效应:采用Ames试验、转化人淋巴细胞SCE试验、小鼠嗜多染红细胞微核试验来检测烟气总粒相物的遗传毒性;采用离体细胞培养的方法来检测烟气总粒相物的细胞毒性;采用动式被动吸烟小鼠急性毒性试验来检测烟气的急性毒性。从这5个试验中确定了5个生物学指标:MR值、SCE率、微核率、细胞死亡率和小鼠死亡率;并将这5个试验的结果数据制成加权数值表,统一起来评价卷烟烟气的有害生物效应。此外,对5个生物学指标与TPM的相关性分析结果表明,MR值与TPM有一定相关关系(相关系数0.421,P=0.05),其余4个指标与TPM的相关性未达到显著性水平(P>0.05),说明这22个牌号卷烟烟气有害生物活性与TPM的关系不密切;对5个生物学指标之间的相关性分析结果表明,除了MR值与SCE率和细胞死亡率的相关性达到显著水平外(相关系数分别为0.637和0.767;P<0.01,P<0.05),其余均无相关性,这与5个生物试验的效应终点不一致有关系。总之这5个生物学指标作为检测卷烟烟气有害生物效应的一套短期测试系统是有用的和可靠的。

A battery of five short-term tests, determing different target, was used to evaluate the adverse biological effects of smoking from 22 brands of domestic and foreign cigarettes, i. e. Ames test, SCE test of transformed human lymophocytes and micronucleus test of bone marrow cell were to detect genetoxicity of the total particular matter (TPM), the method of cell culture in vitro was to examine cytotoxicty of TPM, passive smoking mouse acute test to examine the acute toxocity of smoking. Five biological indictors resulting from these five tests consisted of MR value, SCE frequency, micronucleus frequency, death rate of cell, death rate of mouse. The dtae of five indictors were made a weighting value table in order to easily evaluate the adverse biological activity of smoking. Otherwise, experimental date showed certain correlation between MR value and TPM (Pearson Correlation Coefficients = 4. 304, P = 0. 05), but correlation between other four indictors and TPM was non-significant (P>0. 05), and indicated the adverse biological effects had no strong relation with TPM per cigarette in these 22 brands. Furthermore, correlation analysis of five biological indictors revealed that MR value was relevant to SCE frequency and cell death rate (Pearson Correlation Coefficients = 0. 637, 0. 767; P< 0. 01, P< 0. 05), others were no correlative, this was associated with the five tests determing difference targart. It was concluded that a battery of these five short-term tests to evaluate biological effects of smoking was useful and reliable.