彰武松主要特性的研究

Major Characters of Pinus densiflora Var.zhangwuensis Clones

对中国新发现的树种____彰武松(Pinusdensifloravarzhanguensis)的主要物理特性进行了初步的研究。结果表明 :①形态特征 ,彰武松为高大常绿乔木 ,两针一束 ,也有三针一束的 ,种子黑色 ,千粒重21.4g。②生态学特性 ,彰武松是属于春季生长类型的树种 ,其苗高累计生长呈S型曲线 ,全年最大生长量出现在5月上中旬 ;地径开始生长比高生长晚10d左右 ,全年出现两次生长 ,其中以春季生长为主 ;主根的生长和地径的生长交错进行 ,和苗高生长基本同步。③生理生态特性 ,彰武松的嫩叶组织含水量介于53.3 %～73.3 %之间 ,自由水在37.5 %～67.7 % ,束缚水在5.6 %～15.8 %之间。其自由水/束缚水为12.09～2.37。彰武松每个季节的蒸腾速率日变化明显地不同 ,6月份呈现双峰型 ,8月份的蒸腾速率呈现双峰型 ,10月份呈现单峰型 ,彰武松的年蒸腾速率的走势呈现单峰型 ,全年蒸腾速率的最高值出现在7月份。与樟子松进行比较研究发现 ,在同样的生态条件下 ,平均每克彰武松针叶的叶绿素含量是樟子松的1.53倍 ;同时 ,彰武松比樟子松有较小的蒸腾强度、较低的失水速度以及更多的干物质储备。

Major physiological characteristics of a new tree species,Pinus densiflora var zhanguensis were studied.The primary results were as followings:①Morphological characteristic:The species is an evergreen arbor with high stem and two-needle or three-neeˉdle leaves,and the thousand-seed-weight is21.4g.②Ecological characteristics:Seedlings of the tree grow vigorously in the spring with maximum height incensement in early May and a simulated growth of sigmoid shape during the growing season.The growth of base diameter starts10days later and hasppens in the autumn.And the growth of the main roots has almost the same pattern with the height.③Physiological and ecological characteristic:Determination of physiological indices showed that water contents in tender leaves of the tree are range from53.3%to73.3%,in which free water is37.5%to67.7%and bound water is5.6%to15.8%,and the ratio of both is12.09to2.37.The daily evaporation rates of the plant change remarkably in every season,being doublet in June and Aug.Singlet in Oct,the maximum value of evaporation rate occurs in July and with a tendency of singlet in the whole year.Comparing to Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica in the similar environment,trees of Pinus densiflora Var.zhangwuensis have1.53times of chlorophyll than that in Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,meanwhile,they have lower evaporation intensity and rate of water loss,higher water and organic material storage.