吉林省西部苏打盐碱地养鱼稻田微生物研究

Microorganisms of Fish-Rice Ecosystem in Soda Saline-Alkaline Land

对吉林省西部苏打盐碱地养鱼稻田水体、土壤微生物数量及种群组成进行了初步研究。结果表明:养鱼稻田水体中异养细菌数量为2810万～30.716万个/mL,显著高于未养鱼稻田(P<0.05);异养细菌数量的季节变化为秋季>夏季>春季;放线菌和霉菌数量较少,分别为2～37个/mL和0～13个/mL。养鱼稻田大肠杆菌群数量为403.6～17934.2个/L,明显高于未养鱼稻田(P<0.01),季节变化为夏季>春季>秋季。异养细菌数量分布与鱼产量显著相关(r=0.8793)。养鱼稻田土壤微生物数量为1013.7万～1339.1万个/g,明显高于未养鱼稻田(P<0.01);优势种为放线菌,霉菌最少。养鱼稻田检测出10个属的异养细菌,优势种为弧菌属、气单胞菌属和芽胞杆菌属。

Species and population of microorganisms in water and soil of the fish-rice ecosystem in soda saline-alkaline land of Songnen Plain were studied. The amount of heterotrophic bacteria was 2 810～307 160/mL in watetrs of fish-rice ecosystem and was higher than that of the normal rice farming (P<0.05) ; the seasonal changes of the amount were, from high to low, autumn, summer and spring. The amount of coliform in fish-rice ecosystem was 403.6～17 934.2/mL, and was higher than that of the ecosystem of the normal rice farming( P<0.01), the seasonal changes of the amount were, from high to low, summer, spring and autumn. The amount of heterotrophic bacteria was positively related to fish production( r= 0.879 3). The amount of soil microbe in fish-rice ecosystem was (1.0137～1.3391) × 10~7/g, which was significantly higher than that of the the normal rice farming( P<0.01 ). Actinomyces are dominate bacteria in the area while molds take the least dominate position in quantity. 10 genera in the fish-rice ecosystem were found and the dominant groups were Vibrion, Aeromonas and Bacillus.