O_3对日光温室黄瓜病虫害的防治效果

Effects of O_3 on disease and pest control of cucumber in greenhouse

通过室内与大田试验,明确O_3对日光温室黄瓜病虫害的防治效果。研究结果表明,在病害发生初期,用O_3发生器隔天施放O_3,每天施放3次,每次40min,间隔20min,O_3浓度维持约1 mg/kg,施放后7天,对黄瓜霜霉病、白粉病、细菌性角斑病及灰霉病防治效果分别为63.4％、53.6％、68.7％和65.0％。室内施放O_360s,间隔20min,持续12h,对温室白粉虱、南美斑潜蝇成虫杀伤力为100％。O_3对黄瓜植株安全,但随着黄瓜生育期的推进,对O_3的忍受能力依次减弱。苗期忍耐O_3最大浓度为1～2mg/kg,结果期0.4～1mg/kg,后期0.2～0.4mg/kg。O_3防治黄瓜病虫害新技术具有安全、有效、方便、无二次污染等特点,尤其在黄瓜定植前对棚室进行大剂量消毒,可不留死角,且有效地解决了硫磺等药物消毒所造成棚内一些设施的破坏及对生态环境污染的难题,具有广阔的推广应用前景。

The effect of O3 on disease and pest control in cucumber in the greenhouse was determined by using O3 generator. The results showed that control effects on Pseudoperonospora cuberisis Rostor, Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll. , Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, Botrjtis ci-nerea Pevs were 63. 4% ,53. 6% ,68. 7% and 65. 0% , respectively. When O3 was released after an interval of one day and release 3 times/day, 40min/time with interval 20min, O3 concentration maintained 1mg/kg, and lasting 7d, at the early stage of cucumber diseases under the field condition. The control effect on Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard were 100% when releasing O3 60s with interval 20min and lasting 12h in inner room, and it was safety to cucumber plant. At the growing stage, the tolerance of cucumber to O3 reduced gradually. The max concentration of cucumber patience to O3 was 1 - 2mg/kg in seedling stage, 0. 4 -1mg/kg during fruiting stage and 0. 2 -0. 4mg/kg during latter stage. The new application techniques of O3 preventing cucumber diseases and insect pests has several characteristics, such as safety, efficiency, convenience, no secondary pollution, especially before cucumber planting. When the high dosage of O3 was used in the greenhouse, there was no dead angle, and the difficult problems of remedy disinfecting were also effectively solved, such as facility destroy and environment pollution caused by sulfur.