异型眼蕈蚊在西洋参上的发生与危害特性

The occurrence and injury characteristics of Pnyxia scabiei in American ginseng

2000～2002年对北京郊区西洋参种植场新发现的重要害虫异型眼蕈蚊的发生与危害特性进行了研究。结果表明:①成虫羽化后即可交尾,交尾时间较短;在25℃条件下,卵期3.1天,幼虫期4.5天,蛹期3.2天,雌虫寿命4天,雄虫寿命5天,世代历期约为11～12天。②卵、幼虫、蛹的发育起点温度分别是5.14、3.81、7.21℃,完成卵到蛹发育的有效积温是206.2日度。③雌成虫具有转主寄生特性,幼虫为弱寄生性。④成虫及幼虫对受伤西洋参宿根的趋性比正常宿根强。⑤地上部分长势、土壤有机质与宿根受害关系密切,长势愈好,受害愈轻;土壤有机质含量高,受害轻。

The occurrence and injury characteristics of a newly found insect pest , Pnyxia sca-biei Hopkins, in American ginseng in Beijing suburb were studied from 2000 to 2002. Adults can mate immediately after eclosion and the mating time is short. The developmental stages of egg, larva and pupa under 25℃ last 3. 1d, 4. 5d, and 3. 2d respectively. The life span of female is 4d, male 5d. One life cycle takes 11 - 12d. The development zeros of egg, larva and pupa are 5. 14℃ , 3. 81℃ and 7.21℃ respectively, and the effective accumulated temperature (EAT) from egg to pupa is 206. 23 d. ℃. Female adult has a transfer-parasite character and the larva has a weak-parasite character. Both adult and larva have stronger tropism to the injured perennial roots (PR) than to normal roots. There is a close relationship between the damage of perennial root and its growing state and soil organic material contents. The better of the growth the lighter of the damage, and the higher of the soil organic material contents the lighter of the damage.