内蒙古阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落结构及其多样性研究

Studies on The Community Structure and Diversity of Rodents of the Desert of Alashan, Inner Mongolia

对内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区啮齿动物群落结构和多样性进行了研究。依据样地种多度(捕获率)聚类方法,并结合生境中地带性植被类型的综合特征,该荒漠区啮齿动物可划分为6个地带性群落。Ⅰ.小毛足鼠(Phodopusroborovskii)+三趾跳鼠(Dipussagitta)+子午沙鼠(Merionesmeridianus)群落。Ⅱ.长尾仓鼠(Cricetuluslongicau datus)+大林姬鼠(Apodemusspeciosus)群落。Ⅲ.五趾跳鼠(Allactagasibirica)+子午沙鼠(Merionesmeridianus)+三趾跳鼠(Dipussagitta)群落。Ⅳ.三趾跳鼠(Dipussagitta)+小毛足鼠(Phodopusroborovskii)+子午沙鼠(Merionesmeridianus)群落。Ⅴ.长耳跳鼠(Euchoreutesnaso)+五趾跳鼠(Allactagasibirica)群落。Ⅵ.子午沙鼠(Merionesmeridianus)+黑线仓鼠(Cricetulusbarabensis)群落。其中群落Ⅲ多样性指数最高,为2.0557;群落I与群落IV的相似性系数最大,为0.5147;群落Ⅲ具有代表性。该荒漠区啮齿类数量与生境中的土壤水分、土壤基质呈显著正相关;与建群植物种数呈显著负相关;而与生境的海拔高度相关性极低。

Studies on the community structure and diversity of rodents in the desert of Alashan show that the mammals could be divided into 6 zone communities by means of the local vegetation and environmental characteristics.These communities are: Ⅰ.the community of Phodopus roborovskii + Dipus sagitta + Meriones meridianus,Ⅱ.the community of Cricetulus longicaudatus + Apodemus speciosus,Ⅲ.the community of Allactaga sibirica + Meriones meridianus + Dipus sagitta,Ⅳ.the community of Dipus sagitta + Phodopus roborovskii + Meriones meridianus,Ⅴ.the community of Euchoreutes naso + Allactaga sibirica, and Ⅵ.the community of Meriones meridianus + Cricetulus barabensis. The diversity index of Community Ⅲ is the highest,reaching 2.0557. The similarity index between Community Ⅰ and Community Ⅳ is the highest, amounting to 0.5147. Community Ⅲ is a representative type of all.The population of the desert rodents correlates positively to the amount of soil water and substances,and negatively with the varieties of local vegetations,and does not relate much to the altitude on the rodents' habitat.