论楚辞对汉诗的影响

THE INFLUENCES OF CHU CI ON POEM OF HAN DYNASTY

汉诗大抵包括楚歌、乐府、文人五言诗。楚歌在艺术形式上与楚辞实无区别;乐府中的部分作品变化楚辞而创为三言体;文人五言诗“风神或近楚《骚》”。艺术情调上,楚歌本身就具有哀怨悲凉的情调,而屈、宋又把这种悲凉之音加之以更为深沉的内涵,形成“以悲为美”的审美倾向;汉代下层文人的人生悲剧命运,促使他们在创作中自觉认同楚辞的创作倾向。从而使这种情调在汉代的楚歌、乐府与文人五言诗中再度复现。

Poem in Han dynasty mainly includes Chu Ge ,Yue Fu and Wu Yan Style (a scholar's poem with five characters to a line ). Chu Ge has no practical differences with Chu Ci in artistic form ; Some works of Yue Fu changed Chu Ci to form a new San Yan Style (a scholar's poem with three characters to a line );Some styles of scholar's poem with five characters to a line is similar to Chu Ci and Li Sao . On the artistic sentiment, Chu Ge has a dreary and sad sentiment originally,but Qu Yuan and Song Yu have added deeper connotational meaning to such a dreary atmosphere to form a aesthetic trend which takes sadnesses as beautiful things ; Tragical destinies of the low scholars in Han Dynasty impels them to admit consciously the trend of Chu Ci.As a result , this kind of sentiment reappears in Chu Ge ,Yue Fu and scholar's poem of Wu Yan Style in Han Dynasty.