论“差距”与“差异”

Gap and Difference (Lun “chaju” yu “chayi”)

本文通过对“文化进化论”与“文化相对论”述评与审视 ,认为 :对于不同文化之“不同”,文化进化论者看到的是“差距”,而文化相对论者看到的是“差异”;前者从“差距”中评价出文化高与低之不同 ,后者从“差异”中比较出文化彼与此之不同。文化相对论顺应了人类音乐文化多元化发展的理论需要 ,其“反对文化霸权 ,承认文化差异”的基本理念 ,正是民族音乐学秉承的学术精神。

A comparison between “cultural evolution” and “cultural relativity” brings the conclusion that the latter has adapted itself to the theoretical requirement in the human multicultural development and that it is its basic idea against cultural hegemony and for cultural difference that abides by the spirit of ethnomusicology.