萨特的“整体性”和“整体化”结构历史观

Sartre’s Structural Historical View of “Wholism” and “whol istication”

萨特在《辩证理性批判》中所阐述的辩证的、经验的、可理解的“整体性”和“整体化”结构历史观 ,是萨特留给世人的最重要的思想 ,也是他最有代表性的思想之一。他在《辩证理性批判》中对他以前的哲学思想作了一些重大的修改和总结 ,一定程度上抛弃了他此前曾坚持的主观唯心主义、极端个人主义思想 ,转而信奉马克思主义 ,并力图通过他对存在主义的改造 ,使存在主义和马克思主义结合起来 ,用存在主义来补充、完善和发展马克思主义。而事实上 ,他在其中所阐发的思想还远远谈不上是对马克思主义的丰富、完善和发展。但他的“整体性”和“整体化”概念、“多元复合性”的“个体实践”和“共同实践”概念 ,对于我们更好地理解历史唯物主义 ,就是富有创意的新概念 ,值得我们批判地吸收和借鉴。

In his Dialectic Rational Criticism, Sartre expounded hi s structural h istorical view of the dialectic, empirical and understandable “wholism” and “ wholistication”, which is the important thought he left for the world. In this book, he discarded subjective idealism and extreme individualism and turned to M arxism, aiming to combine existentialism with Marxism. His efforts can help us b etter understand historical materialism and his new ideas are worth our critical absorption and learning.