信仰与政治之间——论武则天与中宗、睿宗时期的宗教政策

Between Belief and Politics——On the Religious Policies in the Periods of Wu Zetian and Emperors Zhong and Rui

唐朝统治者的宗教政策至武则天时期为之一变 ,由唐初的“道先佛后”而变为“佛先道后”。这一变化的原因主要是与武则天当时所面临的政治难题有关。此外也与武则天的个人经历、思想情感紧密相连。至其晚年她又试图从根底上将佛、道二教进行融通 ,进而从理论上说明自己建立的大周王朝与李唐王朝的内在联系 ,且将其宗教政策改为“僧道并重”。中宗复位之初 ,“五王”执政 ,以推行和恢复李唐政治统治的一系列政策为务 ,一时将其宗教政策又改为“道先佛后” ,不久又发生转向而成为“佛先道后” ,其原因是与武三思等人再次掌权和中宗个人的经历有关。睿宗统治时间虽短 ,却着手提高道教的地位 ,且于景云二年 ( 711)四月 ,癸未 ,颁布了《僧道齐行并进诏》 ,似乎是在佛、道两教之间寻求一种平衡 ;实际上这一政策的制定 ,在某种意义上说 。

Due to her personal experience, thoughts and feeling s as well as the p olitical difficulties, there was a sudden shift from “Taoism before Buddhism” to “Buddhism before Taoism” when Wu Zetian mounted the throne. In her late yea rs, she tried to bridge Buddhism and Taoism and lay equal emphasis on them. Ther e were more shifts between the two religions in the following periods of the Zho ng and Rui Emperors, all closely related to the struggle between the two politic al forces in the court.