满语地名音译中的语音对译问题

On the Pronunciation Counter - Translation of Manchu Place Names

由于满、汉语元音、辅音、音节字音的差别,造成汉语译音的近似音标记,即元音以代代,辅音以代代,闭音节韵尾加元音,音节字以标记等做法。反映在清代地名文献中的异音同译的复杂性与严重性昭示我们,只有详尽占有第一手资料,才能洞悉“同音”假象,复原其历史本来面目,使语义翻译愈臻科学、准确。对于两种语言中的语音差别,以近似音标记的模糊做法应当根据汉语文特点,尽量注意规范性,避免随意性。

The differences between Manchu and Chinese in vowel, consonant and pronunciation of syllable word lead to use approximate sound to mark Manchu in Chinese translation. For example,the vowel represents , represents ; the consonant represent respectively represents ; in syllable words: are marked as . The complexity and severity of the same translation of different sounds exited in place - name documents in Qing Dynasty showed us that only thoroughly possessing the firsthand data can we know about the false parts of 'the same sound', and thus we restore the original true facts and make the translation more scientifically and exactly. As to the sound differences between two languages, the way to mark with approximate sounds should base on Chinese characterisdcs and pay more attention to the regularity in order to avoid marking optionally.