我国农村义务教育面临的财政困境及对策

Financial System for Rural Compulsory Education: Difficulties and Policy Proposals

我国农村义务教育面临的财政困境主要表现为:拖欠教师工资;义务教育基本办学条件保障不足;经费短缺可能会再度引发中小学乱收费;财政困难引发的农村义务教育可持续发展后劲不足。产生这些问题的主要原因是农村地方政府财力薄弱、我国教育投资重心偏高以及农村义务教育资源利用效率低。建议规范对农村义务教育的转移支付制度,降低教育投资重心,提高教育资源的利用效率,建立义务教育成本补偿制度,弥补农村教育资源的流失。

Many difficulties exist in the financial system for rural compulsory education. Firstly, teachers' salaries are delayed or short-paid. Secondly, theessential education situation can' t be guaranteed. Thirdly, financial deficiency may cause extravagant charge once more. Fourthly, the reserve strength for sustainable development is deficient. The main causes are as follows: weak financial resources of the rural local governments, high focus of education investment and low utilized effect of the rural compulsory education resources. Therefore, it suggested that we should standardize the transfer payment system for rural compulsory education, lower the focus of the education investment, improve the utilization efficiency of the education resources and establish a compensative system for the compulsory education cost in order to make up the loss of the rural education resources.