外生菌根菌对杨树生长及抗逆性指标的效应

Effects of Ectomycorrhizae on Growth and Resistance of Poplar

以北京杨(Populus'Beijingensis')盆栽扦插苗和欧美杨(Populuseuramericana)田间扦插苗为材料,研究了美味牛肝菌(BoletusedulisBull.exFr.)和褐疣柄牛肝菌(Leccinumscabrum(Bull.)Gray)菌根化后对杨树苗木生长和抗病性或抗逆性指标的效应。结果表明:北京杨盆栽扦插苗和欧美杨田间扦插苗都能与美味牛肝菌和褐疣柄牛肝菌形成很好的共生关系。接种后菌根菌侵染率均在36%以上;菌根化对扦插苗具有明显促进生长的作用;枝条皮部组织中与抗病性或抗逆性相关的酶包括过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性存在着不同程度的增强;叶片叶绿素含量、树皮相对膨胀度、树体电容等指标都有不同程度的改善。分析生长生理指标和抗病性指标后认为,北京杨和欧美杨扦插苗施用美味牛肝菌菌剂或褐疣柄牛肝菌菌剂的最佳施用量为每株25g,施用后可有效提高成活率,促进扦插苗苗高、地径的生长和合理根茎比的形成,增加叶绿素的含量和树体的电容值,增强扦插苗的抗病能力。

Using potted Populus 'Beijinggensis' cutting stock and Populus euramericana cutting stock in field as the material.The effect of Boletus edulis Bull.ex Fr.and Leccinum scabrum(Bull.) on growth and index of resistance of poplar was studied.The results show that potted P.'Beijinggensis' cutting stock and P.euramericana cutting stock in field can keep a good symbiosis relationship with B.edulis Bull.ex Fr.and L.scabrum(Bull).The mycorrizal infection rate was all above 36% after inoculation.Mycorrhizalize have obvious effects on the cutting stock growth.The enzyme active related to resistance in the bark tissue of branch like peroxidase,polyphenoloxidase,phenylalanine and ammnialyase has strengthened in different degree.The index of chlorophyll content of lamina,relative turgidity of bark,and bole capacitance also changed in different degree.With analysis of the index of growth,physiologic and resistance,we consider that the best deal quantity of B.edulis Bull.ex Fr.and L.scabrum(Bull.)to P.'Beijingensis' and P.euramercana is 25 g each tree.With use of B.edulis Bull.ex Fr.and L.scabrum(Bull),the survival rate of plant can be increased,cutting stock height and growth of stalk can be promoted,optimum root/stalk ratio can be formed.The cutting stock's chlorophyll content,bole capacitance value and the ability of disease resistance also be improved.