水塘系统对农业流域水资源调控的定量化研究

Regulation function of multi-pond system for water resources in a watershed

本文以一个典型农业小流域为对象,定量化研究水塘系统对流域因作物需水引起的水资源短缺的调控功能。结果表明,六岔河流域的水塘系统蓄水容量6 72万m3,在不同水文年均能有效地调控流域水资源的时空分布,满足作物生长需求。六岔河流域的多数降雨径流被水塘系统截留,减少流域径流输出;在连续流过程中,流域径流峰值急剧降低。水塘系统能够截留日降雨强度为144mm降雨产生径流的90%,径流峰值大大降低。由此说明水塘系统是雨水资源可持续利用的一种有效方法。

A case study on water balance of the multi-pond system was conducted to quantify the functions of the system for regulating water resources in an agricultural watershed in China.Being scattered among the agricultural fields,the ponds intercept surface runoff and recycle drainage water for irrigation.Regulations of the multi-pond system were simulated according to crop requirement,surface runoff,precipitations and storage capacity of the ponds.The result shows that the system can offset water shortage due to the difference between crop water requirement and precipitation effectively.The system also effectively influences the hydrological process of surface runoff,including water amount and peak discharge.Most runoff events became intermittent flow and peak discarge reduces in a large amount.It is concluded that the multi-pond system may provide an effective approach to attenuate the water shortage problem in agriculture.