美国迫使台湾当局从华南边境和沿海岛屿撤兵问题研究

A Study of the United States' Efforts to Force the Taiwan Authorities to Withdraw Forces from the Southern China Frontier and the Coastal Islands

肯尼迪政府时期的美国对华政策已经开始孕育着一些变革。其政府内部先后讨论过一些调整方案,但在国际国内各种复杂因素的制约下没有取得重大突破,其中台湾当局不断施加的干扰和阻碍是一个重要原因。在此时期,美国曾迫使台湾当局从缅泰老“金三角”地区撤军,并试图透迫蒋介石从金门、马祖等沿海岛屿撤防,双方施压与抗压、牵制与反牵制的互动关系十分明显。尽管美国政策设计者们已经认识到美国对华政策必须服务于美国和整个“自由世界”的广泛利益而非台北政权一家的利益,但实际上还是难以摆脱台湾当局的牵制。另外,更重要的阻力来自于美国国内政治的掣肘,而其政策调整的幅度局限于“两个中国”之类的方案,也是根本行不通的。

Under the Kennedy administration, the United States'policy towards China already bore signs of changes. The administration debated policy adjustments,but the constraints imposed by complex international and domestic factors prevented any major breakthrough. One of the important factors was the constant interference and obstruction of the Taiwan authorities.During this period,the U.S. tried to make the Taiwan authorities depart from the 'Gold Triangle'near the Burmese - Thai - Lao borders, and it also tried to induce Chiang Kai - shek to depart from the Tinmen,Mazu and other islands. But although American Policy - makers already understood that their China policy should serve the broader interests of America and the ' free world' ,and not just Taipei's interests,in practice they could not escape the obstructions of the Taiwan authorities. An even more important obstacle lay in domestic American political forces. Hence, the extent of the policy reconsideration was restricted to the idea of 'two Chinas, 'which was never workable.