大学第二中心:科学研究的演变轨迹及其特点

The Second Center in Universities:On the Features and Development Path of Scientific Research

自古典大学始,教学与科研始终相伴相行,但真正意义上的现代大学科研始于德国洪堡时期柏林大学的建立。从此它作为大学的一项基本职能确立下来,成为大学除教学之外的第二中心。就其整个发展轨迹,它经历了一个由弱到强,由个体到集体,由无组织到有组织,由无规定到有规定,由纯理性到理性与世俗的融合,由社会赞助、学校自助到政府、企业资助,由单纯为教学服务到同时为社会、政府、经济和科技服务的发展过程。

In classical universities, teaching and scientific research went side by side. Universities in modern sense start with the foundation of University of Berlin in Humboldt's time. Since then, scientific research, listed as a basic function of universities, becomes the second center in universities. Viewed as a whole, the scientific research has experienced a process of development from weak to strong, individual to collective, non-organized to organized, from pure reason to the combination of reason and common customs, from being aided by society to being supported by both government and enterprises, and from aiming at teaching solely to serving the society, government, economic development, and development of science and technology.