公权、公利与共赢:英国公共空间的表达——单词“Common”的社会历史学

Commonage, Commonweal and Co-win:Expressing a British Public Sphere——The Social History of the Word“Common”

本文以英语单词“Common”和由它作词根而派生出的不同单词为中心,把单词词义的解释与英国政治经济的发展相结合,着重分析内含于这一系列单词中的社会“公权”与“公利”性公共空间在英国社会历史进程中的作用与表现。市民社会的本质是个人产权的确定性和独享性,而社会“公权”与“公利”性公共空间的实质是利益享用的共赢,而且这种公共空间具有抽象性与实用性的辩证统一。在个人私有产权神圣不可侵犯的市民社会里,“公权”与“公利”性的社会公共契约空间起了推动英国社会快速发展的作用,最终建立了在稳定的权力制衡基础上的橄榄型政治经济社会运行机制。

This paper is focused on an English word 'Common' and other different words derived form it. The explanations of the meaning of words are combined with the development of British politics and economics, with emphasis on analyzing the function and exhibition in this series of words of social 'commonage' and 'commonweal' public sphere in the historical process of British society. The affirmation and personal enjoyment of individual property right is the essence of civil society, while the public sphee of social 'commonage' and 'commonweal' is by nature a co-win in enjoying benefits, and this sphere is dialectically unified in abstraction and pragmatism. In a civil society in which the personal private right of property is sacred and inviolable, the social space of public contract of 'commonage' and 'commonweal' has the fuction of promoting a speedy development of British society, and has finally established an olive-pattern mechanism of political-economical-social operation on the basis of stable power balance.