语言符号任意性:“名无固宜”和“名有固善”

No Symbol is Created Proper or Improper" and "Each Symbol Created with Reason"——On Sausure's Arbitrariness of Language Symbols

在解读索绪尔有关语言符号任意性论述的基础上 ,指出该问题当分别从能指和所指的必然性联系和或然性联系两个层面来讨论 ,语言符号在必然性联系层面都是无理可据、不可论证的 ,在或然性联系层面则应该都是有理可据、可论证的。正确区分联系的必然性和或然性 ,有助于我们能够更全面地认识和把握语言的性质 。

This paper adopts the view that the study of Sausure's exposition on the arbitrariness of language symbols should be undertaken from the aspects of inevitability and probability of the signifying and the signified respectively. It shows that language symbols can not be reasoned or proved from the aspect of inevitability, but can be reasoned and proved from the aspect of probability. The right distinction between the inevitability and probability helps us have a comprehensive understanding of languages, grasp the characteristics of languages and guide our language research practice.