自杀抑他杀:1927年武汉国民政府集中现金条例的颁布与实施

Suicide or Homicide: Promulgation and Implementation of the Wuhan Nationalist Government's Specie Concentration Regula- tion in 1927

集中现金条例是武汉国民政府一项重要的经济政策,对其评价与判断武汉经济困难的成因密切相关,向有的“自杀”、“他杀”两种观点,作者认为均有偏颇之处。集中现金条例的颁布是武汉政府在当时环境中较现实的做法,其实施对该政权有实际的利益。而政策出台后各方的反应亦使武汉的经济困难加剧。不过,政府虽刻意宣传“经济封锁”是导致其经济困难的主因,但实际上其内部的财政问题以及有所失控的群众运动均是经济环境趋于恶化的根本源头。政府亦曾采取“新外交经济政策”以摆脱危机,但效果不彰,最后在政治剧变中被迫放弃集中现金政策。

The Specie Concentration Regulation was an important economic policy of the Wuhan Nationalist Government, and it must be evaluated in close relation to our judgment of the factors which led Wuhan's economy into difficulties. In the author's opinion, the two existing views of 'suicide' and 'homicide' are biased. The promulgation of the Specie Concentration Regulation was a relatively practical measure for the Wuhan government in its situation at the time, and its implementation could have provided real benefits for the regime. However, the re-spoasesof related parties to the policy increased Wuhan's economic difficulties. Though the government deliberately claimed that the main reason for economic difficulties was economic blockade, in fact, the internal financial problems and the uncontrollable mass movements were the basic factors that worsened the economic environment. The government had adopted new diplomatic and economic policies to deal with the crisis, but did not get positive results, and was finally forced in a drastically changing political situation to give up the policy of concentrating specie.